Computer network exploitation (CNE) refers to the use of computer hacking techniques to gain unauthorized access to computer networks or systems for the purpose of stealing data or conducting espionage. CNE can be carried out by individuals, criminal organizations, or nation-states, and can target a wide range of industries and government agencies. This article will explore the different techniques used in CNE, the threats posed by this type of attack, and the countermeasures that can be taken to prevent and mitigate its effects.
The techniques used in CNE are constantly evolving as attackers seek to find new ways to bypass security measures. Some of the most common techniques include:
- Malware: Malware, or malicious software, is a type of program designed to infiltrate a computer system and carry out unauthorized activities. Common types of malware used in CNE include viruses, Trojans, and rootkits.
- Social engineering: Social engineering involves using deception to trick individuals into divulging sensitive information or performing actions that would not normally be authorized. Common social engineering tactics used in CNE include phishing emails and phone scams.
- Exploits: Exploits are vulnerabilities in software or hardware that can be used to gain unauthorized access to a system. Attackers can use exploits to gain access to a system, escalate privileges, or move laterally within a network.
- Password cracking: Password cracking involves using automated tools to guess or crack passwords used to protect access to a system. Attackers can also use stolen passwords obtained through other means, such as phishing or social engineering.
CNE poses a number of threats to organizations and individuals, including:
- Theft of sensitive information: Attackers can use CNE to steal sensitive information, such as trade secrets, intellectual property, or personal information. This information can then be used for financial gain or to carry out further attacks.
- Disruption of services: CNE can be used to disrupt services by taking down websites or disabling critical infrastructure.
- Espionage: Nation-states can use CNE to conduct espionage activities, such as gathering intelligence or monitoring communications.
- Ransomware: Attackers can use CNE to deploy ransomware, a type of malware that encrypts files on a victim’s computer and demands payment in exchange for the decryption key.
There are a number of countermeasures that organizations and individuals can take to protect against CNE, including:
- Strong passwords: Using strong, unique passwords and enabling two-factor authentication can make it more difficult for attackers to crack passwords or use stolen credentials.
- Security software: Installing and regularly updating security software, such as firewalls and antivirus software, can help detect and prevent CNE attacks.
- Employee training: Educating employees about the risks of CNE and how to avoid falling victim to social engineering attacks can help prevent successful attacks.
- Patch management: Regularly updating software and hardware with the latest patches can help prevent exploits from being used to gain unauthorized access.
- Network segmentation: Segmenting networks can limit the damage that can be caused by a successful CNE attack by containing the attack to a single segment of the network.
CNE poses a significant threat to organizations and individuals, and attackers are constantly developing new techniques to bypass security measures. However, by taking proactive steps to protect against CNE, such as implementing strong passwords, using security software, and educating employees, organizations and individuals can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to this type of attack.
